ABSTRACT
COVID-19 came with a sudden surge, harshly affecting the day-to-day lives of the entire world. Social and economic problems affected almost every nation, wreaking havoc on people's health, society, and economy everywhere. Although the pandemic is currently in control, the emergence of another pandemic is not unlikely. As technological breakthroughs accelerate, the possibility of controlling virological dangers becomes highly plausible. Better virus containment is attainable with the confluence of technologies such as Blockchain and AI. The newly growing fields and application cases of futuristic technologies for tackling upcoming pandemics are emerging. Several researchers are contributing to COVID-19 management with current and futuristic technologies, and such tools have room for additional improvement. This paper extensively highlights the work done in tackling COVID-19 using Blockchain and AI, illustrating the role of this collaborative approach in dealing with biological threats. We also discuss the prospects and obstacles in combining these technologies to tackle COVID-19-like situations. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The preparation of the healthcare staff is one of the influencing factors in providing the correct treatment, care, and proper control to deal with biological threats. Since the preparation of nurses is understood under the influence of variables of knowledge, attitude, performance, and sense of danger, so this study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, performance, and sense of danger of military clinical nurses in facing biological threats with special emphasis on COVID-19 disease. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-correlation study that was conducted in 2021 using stratified random sampling in 600 military clinical nurses in selected hospitals of East Azerbaijan. The validity and reliability of the nurses' preparation questionnaires were evaluated by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR = 0.94) and content validity index (CVI = 0.83). The information obtained from the questionnaires was entered into SPSS statistical software and the data analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. Results: The preparedness of military clinical nurses in facing biological threats during the covid-19 pandemic had a significant correlation with the variables related to knowledge, attitude, performance and, sense of perceived risk (P<0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that male nurses had a weaker level of knowledge and attitude and sense of perceived risk regarding the covid-19 disease. But female nurses had better performance than male nurses. In this study, history of suffering from this disease (P = 0.683) and work shift (P = 0.877) did not have a significant relationship with the performance of nurses in the face of covid-19 disease. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and performance of clinical nurses is favorable and the level of their attitude and sense of perceived risk is average. It seems that in order to ensure the readiness of nursing staff against biological threats such as the covid-19 epidemic and to maintain it at the desired level, it is necessary to carry out interventions such as continuous training and in-service training. © 2022 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Biological threats, whether naturally occurring or accidentally or deliberately released, have the potential to endanger lives and disrupt economies worldwide. Thus, high-containment protective measures should be implemented when handling bio-agents that can cause serious, highly contagious diseases, otherwise devastating pandemics can occur. In the fields of scientific investigation, healthcare, and product development, high-containment facilities play a critical role in preventing, detecting, and responding promptly and effectively to threats to global health security. In this paper, we present a summary of the main types of high-containment facilities, as well as their applications, challenges, and suggestions for the future.
ABSTRACT
Airports need high security procedures, especially for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases spread by passenger and carried goods. Outbreaks of disease form real threat to national defense that can endanger national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security. Biological agents that are dangerous sources of outbreaks infectious diseases can be spread by criminal and terrorists for biological warfare. Based on data, the spread of diseases in Indonesia came from abroad, such as SARS from China, Mers-CoV from the Middle East, Avian Influenza from China, HIV from Africa etc. Indonesia has a population of more than 262 million peoples, 17,500 islands, and climate conditions that allow microorganisms to grow well. In 2017 domestic flights transported 95,401,545 persons and international flights 16,253,259 persons, we need to prevent the spread of diseases in Indonesia entering through the Airports. Efforts to prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents in Indonesia were carried out by Quarantine Officers and Port Health Officers. The development of threat outbreak disease in air transportation is real in the future, so all Indonesia airports must have action plans to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The Air Force must act as guardian of sovereignty by having medical personnel on the spot for role interoperability with the personnel Port Health Office for prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents. Capacity building need for be enhanced for prevention, detection, identification and response through a training of the personnel, procurement facilities for readiness prevent, detect and respond when facing biological threat.